Household water softeners are sized for 24,000 to 80,000+ grains and installed permanently at the main water line. RV softeners operate at 10,000 to 16,000 grains in a portable, self-contained unit. The smaller capacity means more frequent regeneration, but the portability is the entire point. You connect the softener between your campground water hookup and your RV's inlet hose, and it treats all water entering your rig.
Every RV softener uses standard garden hose fittings (3/4" GHT). There is no plumbing to cut, no electrical connection required, and setup takes under 5 minutes at a new campsite. When you break camp, disconnect the hoses and stow the unit. Most RVers keep the softener in a basement storage bay or in the tow vehicle.
The resin inside RV softeners is the same ion exchange resin used in full-size systems. It removes calcium and magnesium, producing water that is gentler on your RV's plumbing, water heater, and fixtures. Scale buildup in an RV water heater is a common and expensive problem that a portable softener prevents entirely.